| In written English, the first reference to the Shamrock dates from 1571, andin written Irish, as seamrog, from 1707. As a badge to be worn on the lapel      on the Saint's feast day, it is referred to for the first time as late as 1681. The Shamrock was used as an emblem by the Irish Volunteers in the era of Grattan's Parliament in the 1770's, before '98 and The Act of Union. So      rebellious did the wearing of the Shamrock eventually appear, that in Queen Victoria's time Irish regiments were forbidden to display it. At that time it      became the custom for civilians to wear a little paper cross colored red and      green.
 As a symbol of Ireland it has long been integrated into the symbol of the United      Kingdom, along with the Rose, the Thistle and the Leek of England, Scotland and Wales. So today, on St. Patrick's.
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
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| THE MAGIC SHAMROCK Three is Ireland's magic number. Hence the Shamrock. Crone, Mother and Virgin. Love, Valour and Wit..  Faith, Hope and Charity. Father, Son and Holy Spirit.  Numbers played an important role in Celtic symbolism. Three was the      most sacred and magical number. It multiplies to nine, which is sacred to      Brigit. Three may have signified totality: past, present and future OR behind, before      and here OR sky, earth and underworld.  Everything good in Ireland comes in threes. The rhythm of story telling in      the Irish tradition is based on threefold repetition. This achieves both      intensification and exaggeration. Even today in quality pub talk, a raconteur      can rarely resist a third adjective, especially if it means stretching a point. "Three accomplishments well regarded in Ireland: a clever verse, music on      the harp, the art of shaving faces."
 
 
 
 
 
 
 |  | THE LEPRECHAUNThe Leprechaun is an Irish fairy. He looks like a small, old man (about 2      feet tall), often dressed like a shoemaker, with a cocked hat and a leather apron.      According to legend, leprechauns are aloof and unfriendly, live alone,      and pass the time making shoes. They also possess a hidden pot of gold.  Treasure hunters can often track down a leprechaun by the sound of      his shoemaker's hammer. If caught, he can be forced (with the threat of bodily      violence) to reveal the whereabouts of his treasure, but the captor must keep      their eyes on him every second. If the captor's eyes leave the leprechaun (and      he often tricks them into looking away), he vanishes and all hopes of finding      the treasure are lost.
 
 
 
 In Ireland
 St. Patrick's Day is celebrated  in towns and cities right across the globe, but it's probably fair to say that  nowhere can the festivities match the excitement and atmosphere of St. Patrick's  Day in Ireland.
 In Ireland, St. Patrick's Day is  more of a religious holiday similar to Christmas and Easter. Many Irish people  start the day by going to mass and offering prayers for the Saint and  missionaries all over the world. After that people flock to their local village  or town to see the annual Saint Patrick's Day parade – and this is where the  real celebrations begin! With grand parades, community feasts, charity show, the  mass, St Patrick's Day is celebrated in Ireland with great gusto. The parades,  shamrocks, and green beer are provided primarily for tourists. In fact, it has  turned out to be one of the most celebrated events in Ireland and a major  tourist attraction.
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
|  |  | St. Patrick's Day in Belfast Ireland |  
 Saint Patrick's Day is celebrated worldwide by the  Irish people and increasingly by many of non-Irish descent (usually in  Australia, North America, and Ireland), hence the phrase, "Everyone wants to be  Irish on St. Patrick's Day." Celebrations are generally themed around all things  green and Irish; both Christians and non-Christians celebrate the secular  version of the holiday by wearing green or orange, eating Irish food and/or  green foods, imbibing Irish drink (usually Guinness), and attending  parades.
 Saint Patrick's Day parades in Ireland date from the late 19th  century, originating in the growing sense of Irish nationalism. The St.  Patrick's Day parade in Dublin, Ireland is part of a five-day festival; over  500,000 people attended the 2006 parade. With bands, music, dance, shamrock,  leprechauns, green coloured clothing and loads of power packed performance, the  Irish parade on Saint Patrick's Day is a sight to behold!
 Almost  everything in Ireland is closed on Saint Patrick's Day with the exception of  pubs and restaurants. Many Irish people wear a bunch of shamrocks ("three-leaf  clover") on their lapels or caps on this day or green, white, and orange badges  (after the colors of the Irish flag). Girls and boys wear green in their hair.  Artists draw shamrock designs on people's cheeks as a cultural sign, including  American tourists.
 The biggest celebrations on the island of Ireland  outside Dublin are in Downpatrick, Northern Ireland, where Saint Patrick was  buried following his death on 17 March, 461. In 2004, according to Down District  Council, the week-long St. Patrick's Festival had over 2000 participants and 82  floats, bands, and performers, and was watched by over 30,000 people.
 
 
 
 
 
 
 The  day is celebrated by the Church of Ireland as a Christian festival. Saint  Patrick's Day as a celebration of Irish culture was rarely acknowledged by  Northern Irish loyalists, who consider it a festival of the Irish Republicans.  The Belfast City Council recently agreed to give public funds to its parade for  the first time; previously the parade was funded privately. The Belfast parade  is based on equality and only the flag of St. Patrick is supposed to be used as  a symbol of the day to prevent it being seen as a time which is exclusively for  Republicans and Nationalists. This allowed both Unionists and Nationalists to  celebrate the day together. The Unionists (orangemen) wear orange instead of  green on St. Patrick's Day; both colors are in the Irish flag (although this the  Irish flag is not an official flag in Northern Ireland, it being part of the  United Kingdom), and orange often but not always represents the Protestants of  Northern Ireland.
 
 
 
 
 Outside Ireland
 
 In the United  Kingdom
 
 The largest Saint Patrick's Day parade in the UK  is held in Birmingham over a two mile route through the city centre. The  organisers describe it as the third biggest parade in the world after Dublin and  New York. Other Saint Patrick's Day parades take place around the country  including in London where the largest minority community is Irish. The  Lanarkshire town of Coatbridge where the majority of the town's population are  of Irish descent also has a day of celebration and parades in the town centre.  In Birmingham, St. Patrick's Festival is one of the city's premier community  events, with the Irish community numbering around 140,000 people.
 
  Manchester hosts a two week Irish festival in the weeks prior to St   Patrick's Day, not surprising giving that the city claims the largest Irish  population in Great Britain outside of London. The festival includes an Irish  Market based at the city's town hall which flies the Irish tricolor opposite the  Union Flag, a large parade (claiming to be the biggest outside of Dublin and New  York based on entrant and float numbers) as well as a large number of cultural  and learning events throughout the two-week period. The festival promotes itself  as the largest in the UK. 
 Florence,  Italy
 
 
  Around St. Patrick's Day, the city  hosts 'Festa Irlandese' - ten days of live music, food and drink. The event  takes place in a huge tent and attracts thousands of visitors who avidly consume  the Italian interpretation of Irish food and drink, including potato soup, beef  in Guinness, smoked salmon and gallons of stout. 
 Oslo,  Norway
 
 
  The Irish community in Oslo  celebrates with a lively parade through the city. Nearly a thousand people join  in the fun as the parade steps off through shopping streets, past Oslo  cathedral, on to Town Hall Square for some entertainment. Accompanying the pipe  band are St Patrick, driven by a red-bearded chauffer in a horse and cart, and a  host of other colorful Irish characters. 
 In Germany
 
 
  Munich is the only German city holding a St. Patrick's Day parade  owing to the considerably large Irish community. The parade is organized by the  German-Irish Society of Bavaria and has been held every year since 1996.  Meanwhile it has evolved into the largest in continental Europe and features not  only Irish/Scots/English, but also German clubs and societies. Following the 2  km-parade, which usually takes place the Sunday preceding 17 March, is an open  air party with live music and dance performances. 
 In Denmark
 
 
  The  St. Patricks Day 3 Legged Charity Race started in Copenhagen in 2001. The race  is organized by the Irish expert community and is sponsored by the Carlsberg  brewery and the Irish pub owners of Copenhagen. In 2007, the event raised 26,000  DKK (~3,500 euro). All proceeds were donated to a Danish charity for children  with cancer. All proceeds from the 2008 race will be donated to the Neonatal  Department at Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen. 
 In  Montserrat
 
 
  The tiny island of Montserrat,  known as "Emerald Island of the Caribbean" due to its foundation by Irish  refugees from Saint Kitts and Nevis, is the only place in the world apart from  the Republic of Ireland and the Canadian province of Newfoundland and Labrador  in which St Patrick's Day is a public holiday. The holiday commemorates a failed  slave uprising that occurred on 17 March 1798. 
 In Russia
 
 On  March 15, 1992, thousands of Muscovites lined the Novy Arbat to witness the  first St. Patrick's Day Parade in the Russian capital's history. Yuri Luzhkov -  now the current Mayor of Moscow - and Aer Rianta Chief Executive Derek Keogh  were on the reviewing stand as a police escort led the way for Russian marching  bands, Cossack horsemen, and fifteen floats representing many Russian companies.  The parade, which was the brainchild of Derek Keogh, was a big success, and  ensured a repeat performance the following year.
 
  Each year the floats have  become more numerous and sophisticated and the range of international and  Russian participants and sponsors more wide-ranging such as Pepsi and Guinness.  The local Irish bars of Moscow contribute their own floats and Muscovites reveal  their own homegrown Irish Wolfhounds, which are nearly as big as the floats  themselves. The Moscow parade continued to be an annual event until 1998.  The economic collapse of August 1998 meant that the 1999 parade was canceled. In  2000 the St Patrick's Society of Russia managed to re-establish the St Patrick's  Day parade with the co-operation of the Moscow city government, the Moscow  police, various government bodies, the Irish embassy and the Irish community in  Moscow.
 
 In South  Korea
 
 
  In Seoul, members of the  expatriate community congregate on Daehakro (Taehongno), and a small parade goes  up the street and then down again. Parade members include local expat sports  teams, the Irish Community, and several Korean marching bands. In 2007, the  Marronier park near Daehakro was filled with partygoers sampling Irish Stew and  Guinness. 
 Tokyo,  Japan
 The tradition of holding parades is also  upheld in Tokyo and every year you can watch and participate in the parade on  Omote Sando. The Tokyo parade is organized by the Irish Network Japan (INJ) and  was first held in 1992 with the support of the then Irish Ambassador to Japan,  Mr. James Sharkey. Various dignitaries from many countries participate in the  parade including the deputy prime minister of Ireland Mary Hearney in  2001.
 
  About 2,000 participants march down fashionable Omotesando Avenue,  lined for the occasion by Irish and Japanese flags, cheered on by as many as  7,000 spectators. The Japanese love a good party and they are particularly fond  of all things Irish - including Guinness at about $7.00 a pint! There are a  growing number of Irish pubs that send attractive young ladies to the parade for the sole purpose of  handing out free beer vouchers. Not surprisingly, the 'voucher girls' are a  parade highlight! 
 In the  United States
 
 The early Irish immigrants like the  English, Dutch, German, French and the likes, brought their traditions in United  States. But it was not until 1737 that the immigrants really celebrated the Day.  Irish colonists brought Saint Patrick's Day to what is now the United States of  America.
  During the first civic and public celebration of Saint  Patrick's Day in the 13 colonies, which took place in Boston, Massachusetts in  1737, The Charitable Irish Society of Boston organized what was the first Saint  Patrick's Day Parade in the colonies on 17 March 1737. The first celebration of  Saint Patrick's Day in New York City was held at the Crown and Thistle Tavern in  1756, and New York's first Saint Patrick's Day Parade was held on 17 March 1762  by Irish soldiers in the British Army. Held since 1762, the New York City parade  on St Patrick's Day now draws more than one million spectators each year. In  1780, General George Washington, who commanded soldiers of Irish descent in the  Continental Army, allowed his troops a holiday on 17 March. This event became  known as The St. Patrick's Day Encampment of 1780. Today, Saint Patrick's Day is  widely celebrated in America by Irish and non-Irish alike. In the US,  Americans celebrate the holiday by wearing green clothing. Many people,  regardless of ethnic background, wear green-colored clothing and items.  Traditionally, those who are caught not wearing green are pinched. Alcohol is  the center of many American celebrations.
 Some cities paint the traffic  stripe of their parade routes green. Chicago even dyes its river green. Savannah  dyes its downtown city fountains green. Indianapolis dyes its Central Canal  green. University of Missouri Rolla - St. Pat's Board Alumni paint 12 city  blocks Kelly green with mops before the annual parade.
 Although the  baseball season is still in the spring training phase when St. Patrick's Day  rolls around, some teams celebrate by wearing St. Patrick's Day themed uniforms.  The Cincinnati Reds were the first team to ever wear St. Patrick's Day hats in  1978. The Boston Red Sox were the second team to start wearing St. Patrick's Day  hats in 1990. In 2004 the Red Sox were the first team to wear jerseys specially  designed for St. Patrick's day. Since then it has become a tradition of many  sports teams to also wear special uniforms to celebrate the holiday. The Los  Angeles Dodgers also have a history with the Irish-American community. With the  O'Malley family owning the team and now Frank McCourt, the Dodgers have had team  celebrations or worn green jerseys on St. Patrick's Day. Other teams celebrate  by wearing Kelly green hats these teams include: the Chicago Cubs, the Chicago  White Sox, the New York Mets, the San Diego Padres, the Atlanta Braves, the  Pittsburgh Pirates, the Kansas City Royals, the Seattle Mariners and the St.  Louis Cardinals. Nearly all major league baseball teams now produce St.  Patrick's day merchandise, including Kelly green hats, jerseys, and  t-shirts.
 In the United States, many people have also made the holiday a  celebration of the color green. These people, besides wearing green on that day,  may also stage dinner parties featuring all green foods. An example of such a  menu would be chicken with rice and lima beans with sliced green maraschino  cherries in coconut sauce colored with green food coloring, a green salad  including greens, avocados and sliced green apples, split pea soup, green tinted  bread spiced with sage, Lime Jell-O, iced limeade and/or a green-beer, and lime  pudding, key lime pie, or lime sherbet for dessert. Corned beef and cabbage is  the most common meal eaten in the United States for St. Patrick's Day, even  though historically, corned beef and cabbage is an American (rather than a  traditionally Irish) meal.
 Perhaps the smallest notable parade, World's  Shortest St. Patrick's Day Parade is said to take place in Hot Springs, Arkansas  in the United States. Annually held on the historic Bridge Street the parade  became famous in the 1940s when Ripley’s Believe It or Not designated it “The  Shortest Street in the World.”
 But Boulder, Colorado claims to have the  shortest parade, which is also less than a single city block.
 
 In Canada
 
 In  Canada, Saint Patrick's Day is an official holiday only in the province of  Newfoundland and Labrador. Some groups, notably Guinness, have lobbied to make  Saint Patrick's Day a federal (national) holiday.
 The  longest-running Saint Patrick's Day parade in Canada occurs each year in  Montreal, Québec. The parades have been held in continuity since 1824; however,  St. Patrick's Day itself has been celebrated in Montreal as far back as 1759 by  Irish soldiers in the Montreal Garrison following the British conquest of New  France.
 The Toronto St. Patrick's Day Parade is one of the largest in  North America. Since it began in 1988, the parade has grown to include 100  organizations, 32 Irish county associations, 2,000 marchers, 30 floats, 14 bands  as well as an assortment of wolfhounds, leprechauns and talking  shamrocks.
 In the Province of Manitoba, the Irish Association of Manitoba  runs an annual three day festival of music and culture based around St Patrick's  Day.
 
 In  Philadelphia
 
 
  The Philadelphia  St. Patrick's Parade is the 2nd oldest Parade in the Country, topped only by the  New York City Parade. The first documented St. Patrick's Day Celebration Parade  in Philadelphia was held in 1771, marking over 230 continuous years of  celebrations. 
 
 In  Savannah, Georgia
 
 Savannah, GA, boasts the unofficial  record of having the largest attendance in its St. Patrick's Day parade with the  crowd count being declared as a staggering 750,000 in 2006. Unlike other cities,  the parade in Savannah takes place on the actual day of Saint Patrick's Day;  even if that day is during the work week. However for 2008, the parade will take  place on Friday, March 14th, to honor Holy week in the Catholic faith. The  parade starts at Saint John the Baptist Catholic Cathedral on Abercorn Street.
  The actual parade route changes from year to year but usually travels  through Savannah's Historic Park District and Bay Street. Usual participants in  the parade include the local Armed Forces Units, Cadets from Benedictine  Military School, and other local organizations, officials, and establishments.  In 2006, the Deputy Prime Minister of Ireland was featured in the parade. Since  the parade travels through Savannah's Historic Park District, one tradition that  has developed has been the official "dyeing of the fountains" which happens  several days before the parade. It has also become tradition for women  spectators to kiss the Armed Forces Units and other military organization's male  members. The parade is not Savannah's only St. Patrick's day attraction.  The Savannah Waterfront Association has an annual celebration on Historic River  Street that is reminiscent of Mardi Gras on Bourbon Street. There is no cover  charge to access River Street, but a $5 wristband is required if one chooses to  drink there. Savannah does not have an open container law so there is a  proliferation of alcohol on River Street, Bay Street and in City  Market.
 
 In  Mexico
 
 
  On these day, and on September 12,  the Saint Patrick's Battalion (Batallón de San Patricio) is memorialized. It  fought as part of the Mexican Army against the United States in the  Mexican-American War of 1846 to 1848, and was composed of several hundred Irish,  Germans, Swiss, Scots and other Roman Catholics of European  descent. Although it's not a popular holiday in Mexico, sometimes school  children hit, punch or slap anyone who is not wearing green in their  clothes.
 
 New Orleans,  Louisiana
 
 
  New Orleans has a  parade that is strongly influenced by Mardi Gras. Unlike most parades, where the  participants staidly walk the parade route - with, perhaps, an occasional  display of Irish dancing, the parade at New Orleans features floats, jazz bands  and colorful costumed characters, with float riders throwing spectators strings  of beads, cabbages, and potatoes. 
 Syracuse, New  York
 
 
  The city of Syracuse, NY has a  parade that culminates with the delivery of green beer to Coleman's Irish Pub in  the Tipperary Hill section of the city and the painting of a shamrock in front  of the pub. Tipperary Hill is home to the World famous "Green-on-Top" Traffic  Light. It is the Irish section in Syracuse Historically. Syracuse boasts the  largest St. Patrick's day celebration per-capita in the United  States. 
 New York  City
 
 The New York parade has become the largest Saint  Patrick's Day parade in the world. In 2006 more than 150,000 marchers  participated in it, including bands, firefighters, military and police groups,  county associations, emigrant societies, and social and cultural clubs, and it  was watched by close to 2 million spectators lining the streets.
  The parade marches up 5th Avenue in Manhattan and is always led by the  U.S. 69th Infantry Regiment. It is the only New York City parade in which the  marchers head uptown instead of downtown. New York politicians - or those  running for office - are always found prominently marching in the parade. Former  New York City Mayor Ed Koch once proclaimed himself "Ed O'Koch" for the day,[16]  and he continues to don an Irish sweater and march every year, even though he is  no longer in office. In a similar fashion, new New York state governor Eliot  Spitzer marched in and even visited the morning Mass at St. Patrick's Cathedral  for the 2007 parade. The parade is organized and run by the Ancient Order  of Hibernians.[citation needed] For many years, the St. Patrick's Day Parade was  the primary public function of the Ancient Order of Hibernians. On occasion the  order has appointed controversial Irish republican figures (some of whom were  barred from the U.S.) to be its Grand Marshal.
 While it  is a popular misconception that the St. Patrick's Day Parade bans 'lesbians and  gays', the fact is that essentially all politically motivated groups, including  pro-life groups, are banned from the Parade in an effort to keep politics out of  a festive community celebration. Gays and lesbians are welcome to be in the  Parade as members of any of the groups allowed.
 The New York parade is  moved to the previous Saturday (16 March) in years where 17 March is a Sunday.  The event is also moved on the rare occasions when, due to Easter falling on a  very early date, 17 March would land in Holy Week. This same scenario is  scheduled to arise again in 2008, when Easter will also fall on 23 March. In  many other American cities (such as San Francisco), the parade is always held on  the Sunday before 17 March, regardless of the liturgical calendar.
 
 Seattle,  Washington
 
 Seattle celebrates St Patrick's Day in grand  style, with a full week of activities. Festivities kick off with the  proclamation of Irish Week.
  Due to Seattle's northern  state climates, like Ireland, the city received many Irish immigrants. So many  that Seattle and Galway are sister cities. Every year on St. Patrick's Day,  there's a mini-parade to prepare the parade route with the ceremonial painting  of a green stripe down the center of 4th Avenue. The day of the parade begins  with a Catholic Mass for peace. The Seattle Parade starts at 4th Avenue and  Jefferson to the Reviewing Stand at Westlake Park, ending officially at the  Seattle Center. The annual Irish Week Festival is enormous, including Irish step  dancing, food, historical and modern exhibitions, and Irish lessons. This is all  celebrated on March 14. And may be carried on till the 15, 16, and 17 of  March. 
 Las Vegas,  Nevada
 
 
  The Southern Nevada,  (formerly Las Vegas) Sons of Erin has put on a parade since 1966. It was  formerly held on Fremont Street in downtown Las Vegas, later moved to 4th  street. Since 2005, the parade has been held in downtown Henderson. It is one of  the biggest parades in the state of Nevada. It also consists of a three day  festival, carnival and classic car show in Old Town Henderson. 
 In Argentina
 
 In  Argentina, and specially in Buenos Aires, all-night long parties are celebrated  in designated streets, since the weather is comfortably warm in March. People  dance and drink only beer throughout the night, until seven or eight in the  morning, and although the tradition of mocking those who do not does not exist,  most people would wear something green. In Buenos Aires, the party is held  in downtown street Reconquista, where there are several Celtic bars ; in 2006,  there were 50,000 people in this street and the pubs nearby.
 Despite all  these varieties, the festivities all over the world are driven by the same  spirit. And why not? After all, everybody is Irish on St. Patrick's Day. While  it reminds us about St Patrick, the day is also a celebration for being Irish  and enjoying everything Irish. So make an attempt to have the real fun of being  Irish. Adorn yourself in green clothing, pin the shamrocks, hunt for the  leprechaun (well, not really), cook and feast the Irish way, laugh away all  worries with Irish jokes and dance to the tunes of the Irish bands. Top o' the  morning to ye!
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